APP insider ownership: who sold, why, and what they still hold

Who	Shares	Price	% of total stake	Total stake after	Trade date	Filed
Xiaochuan Ge CTO	5,459	$308.77	0.6%	969K	Aug 20, 2026	Aug 21, 2026
Arash Foroughi CEO, Director	2,730	$308.77	n/a	n/a	Aug 20, 2026	Aug 21, 2026
Victoria Valenzuela Director	2,730	$308.77	1.1%	241K	Aug 20, 2026	Aug 21, 2026
Matthew Stumpf Chief Financial Officer (CFO)	2,021	$308.77	1.1%	175K	Aug 20, 2026	Aug 21, 2026
Corina Cacovean Chief Legal Officer	1,540	$308.77	24%	4.8K	Aug 20, 2026	Aug 21, 2026

What stands out

Five insiders sold $273M with no disclosed plan: Arash Foroughi ($147M), Eduardo Vivas ($107M, 2.3% of holdings) and Victoria Valenzuela ($16.3M, 10%), plus 2 more. The filings don't state a reason.Arash Foroughi: largest such sale, Mar 11, 2026 · Eduardo Vivas: largest such sale, Nov 10, 2025 · Victoria Valenzuela: largest such sale, Dec 18, 2025

Craig Billings sold 2.4K shares (21% of starting holdings), but 2.9K more shares were added, so the stake grew (from 11K to 12K).Largest sale, Nov 7, 2025

Percentages cover 13 of 15 officers and directors. Left out: Arash Foroughi and Vasily Shikin (holdings couldn't be fully reconciled). Disclosed company stock is not an insider's whole wealth.

Who sold, and how much of their stake

Officers and directors, past 12 months. Each bar is the insider's vested stake at the start of the period (Oct 8, 2025). The gold part is what they sold.

SoldRest of starting stakeAdded during the period

Eduardo Vivas

Director

6.7% · $264M59% planned

Arash Foroughi

CEO, Director

No bar: holdings couldn't be fully reconciled.

$147MNo plan disclosed

Vasily Shikin

Chief Technology Officer

No bar: holdings couldn't be fully reconciled.

$132MDisclosed plan

Victoria Valenzuela

Director

10% · $16.3MNo plan disclosed

Matthew Stumpf

Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

7.7% · $8.0MDisclosed plan

All 9 sellers

Selling by month

Officers and directors, Oct 2025 to Oct 2026. Each sale is counted once: under a disclosed plan, else to cover taxes, else no plan disclosed.

Disclosed planTo cover taxesNo plan disclosed

Common questions

Is the AppLovin CEO selling stock?

Yes. Arash Foroughi sold 300K shares ($147M) in the past 12 months, none of it under a trading plan disclosed in the filings.

Why are AppLovin insiders selling?

Filings rarely give a reason, and we don't guess at one. What they show is how the sales were made: 52% of sales by value ran under 10b5-1 trading plans disclosed in the filings and 48% had no disclosed plan. A trading plan schedules sales in advance.

Are any AppLovin insiders buying?

No. Officers and directors reported no purchases in the past 12 months.

How much of their stake did AppLovin insiders sell?

About 5.4% overall. As a group they still hold 94% of their starting shares. These figures leave out Arash Foroughi, the largest holder (holdings couldn't be fully reconciled). That covers the 12 months to Oct 8, 2026 and counts vested shares reported on SEC Forms 3, 4 and 5, which is not an insider's whole wealth.

The evidence

Who sold9 officers and directors: amount, % of holdings, trading plan

Who sold	Amount	% of holdings	Trading plan
Eduardo Vivas Director	$264M 499K shares	6.7%	59% under a disclosed plan
Arash Foroughi CEO, Director	$147M 300K shares	i No percentage: holdings couldn't be fully reconciled.	No plan disclosed
Vasily Shikin Chief Technology Officer	$132M 262K shares	i No percentage: holdings couldn't be fully reconciled.	Disclosed plan
Victoria Valenzuela Director	$16.3M 28K shares	10%	No plan disclosed
Matthew Stumpf Chief Financial Officer (CFO)	$8.0M 14K shares	7.7%	Disclosed plan
Maynard Webb Jr. Director	$3.4M 6.2K shares	4.1%	Disclosed plan
Dmitriy Dorosh Principal Accounting Officer	$1.4M 3.1K shares	2.7%	No plan disclosed
Craig Billings Director	$1.4M 2.4K shares	21%	No plan disclosed
Dawson Harvey Director	$222K 350 shares	11%	No plan disclosed

The full ownership picture13 of 15 insiders fully reconciled · 15 officers and directors

Vested shares across all share classes, held directly and through trusts, LLCs and family members, as reported on SEC Forms 3, 4 and 5. Unvested awards and options are never counted as owned shares.

Insider

Held Oct 8, 2025

Sold

Held Oct 8, 2026

Still held

Eduardo Vivas

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Director

7.50M

−499K

7.00M

93%

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Eduardo Vivas

0shares vested or exercised

0gifted (net of own trusts)

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	7,283,292	6,571,412
Immediate family	Class A Common Stock	211,893	211,893
Spouse	Class A Common Stock	0	213,675

Arash Foroughi

Holdings couldn't be fully reconciled. Balance changed without a matching transaction, and the footnote does not state the amount: +3,030,517 shares on Oct 30, 2025 (Child). See the filing Sales and other transactions for Arash Foroughi are complete.

CEO, Director

n/a

−300K

n/a

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Arash Foroughi

0shares vested or exercised

−37Kgifted (net of own trusts)

−17Kwithheld by the company for taxes

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.
Additional holdings last reported more than 3 years ago are shown separately and excluded from totals.

Holdings couldn't be fully reconciled. Balance changed without a matching transaction, and the footnote does not state the amount: +3,030,517 shares on Oct 30, 2025 (Child). The balances below are as reported, not verified totals.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	2,590,054	2,324,954
Child	Class A Common Stock	1,530,519	4,492,703
OD Trust	Class A Common Stock	780,519	780,519
Child	Class B Common Stock	211,078	211,078

Additional holdings last reported Nov 1, 2022, not confirmed since: 27,936,907 shares. Not included in any total or percentage on this page.

Direct, Class B Common Stock: 27,936,907 shares, last reported Nov 1, 2022

Vasily Shikin

Holdings couldn't be fully reconciled. Balance changed without a matching transaction, and the footnote does not state the amount: -61,472 shares on May 20, 2026 (IS37 Holdings Trust). See the filing Sales and other transactions for Vasily Shikin are complete.

Chief Technology Officer

n/a

−262K

n/a

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Vasily Shikin

0shares vested or exercised

−8.1Kgifted (net of own trusts)

−27Kwithheld by the company for taxes

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Holdings couldn't be fully reconciled. Balance changed without a matching transaction, and the footnote does not state the amount: -61,472 shares on May 20, 2026 (IS37 Holdings Trust). The balances below are as reported, not verified totals.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Child	Class A Class Common	425,450	425,450
IS37 Holdings Trust	Class A Class Common	105,889	105,889
Immediate family members	Class A Class Common	105,889	105,889
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	3,360,104	3,189,739
Child	Class A Common Stock	425,450	425,450
IS37 Holdings Trust	Class A Common Stock	88,389	17,945
Immediate family members	Class A Common Stock	53,389	17,945
IS37 Holdings Trust	Indirect	88,389	26,917

Xiaochuan Ge

Started reporting during the period; starting holdings are from the Form 3.

CTO

974K

969K

no sales

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Xiaochuan Ge

0shares vested or exercised

0gifted (net of own trusts)

−5.5Kwithheld by the company for taxes

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Started reporting during the period; starting holdings are from the Form 3.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct	Class A Common Stock	974,194	968,735

Herald Chen

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Director

839K

815K

no sales

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Herald Chen

0shares vested or exercised

−25Kgifted (net of own trusts)

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	181,929	151,245
Chen Family 2012 Irrevocable Trust	Class A Common Stock	140,000	140,000
a grantor retained annuity trust	Class A Common Stock	0	100,000
a GRAT	Class A Common Stock	0	200,000
Direct	Class B Common Stock	517,467	223,676

Stock options (not counted as shares):

Options held	Strike price	Expires	Intrinsic value (estimate)
330,201	$5.05	Nov 5, 2029	$171M

Estimate: options held × ($524.12 − strike price), using the most recent insider trade price on Form 4 (Jul 6, 2026), not a market close.

Victoria Valenzuela

Minor difference of 72 shares. Difference is stated in footnotes (unreported vesting, exempt acquisition or transfer). Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Director

270K

−28K

241K

89%

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Victoria Valenzuela

0shares vested or exercised

−5.5Kgifted (net of own trusts)

−16Kwithheld by the company for taxes

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	269,955	241,231

Reconciliation: minor difference of 72 shares. Difference is stated in footnotes (unreported vesting, exempt acquisition or transfer).

Mary Georgiadis

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Director

191K

no sales

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Mary Georgiadis

0shares vested or exercised

0gifted (net of own trusts)

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	36,185	36,710
Blue Sage Partners, LLC	Class A Common Stock	154,500	154,500

Matthew Stumpf

Minor difference of 70 shares. Difference is stated in footnotes (unreported vesting, exempt acquisition or transfer). Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

182K

−14K

175K

97%

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Matthew Stumpf

0shares vested or exercised

0gifted (net of own trusts)

−13Kwithheld by the company for taxes

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	181,657	175,429

Stock options (not counted as shares):

Options held	Strike price	Expires	Intrinsic value (estimate)
4,686	$5.05	Mar 18, 2030	$2.4M

Estimate: options held × ($524.12 − strike price), using the most recent insider trade price on Form 4 (Jul 6, 2026), not a market close.

Reconciliation: minor difference of 70 shares. Difference is stated in footnotes (unreported vesting, exempt acquisition or transfer).

Maynard Webb Jr.

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Director

150K

−6.2K

124K

82%

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Maynard Webb Jr.

0shares vested or exercised

−21Kgifted (net of own trusts)

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	2,538	3,198
Webb Investment Network	Class A Common Stock	147,886	120,444

Dmitriy Dorosh

Minor difference of 58 shares. Difference is stated in footnotes (unreported vesting, exempt acquisition or transfer). Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Principal Accounting Officer

115K

−3.1K

111K

97%

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Dmitriy Dorosh

0shares vested or exercised

0gifted (net of own trusts)

−1.7Kwithheld by the company for taxes

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	115,122	111,213

Stock options (not counted as shares):

Options held	Strike price	Expires	Intrinsic value (estimate)
31,251	$5.05	Dec 15, 2029	$16.2M

Estimate: options held × ($524.12 − strike price), using the most recent insider trade price on Form 4 (Jul 6, 2026), not a market close.

Reconciliation: minor difference of 58 shares. Difference is stated in footnotes (unreported vesting, exempt acquisition or transfer).

Todd Morgenfeld

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Director

14K

no sales

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Todd Morgenfeld

0shares vested or exercised

0gifted (net of own trusts)

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	13,787	14,312

Craig Billings

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed. Additional holdings last reported more than 3 years ago are shown separately and excluded from totals.

Director

11K

−2.4K

12K

+4.7%

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Craig Billings

+2.4Kshares vested or exercised

0gifted (net of own trusts)

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.
Additional holdings last reported more than 3 years ago are shown separately and excluded from totals.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	3,707	4,232
Immediate family	Class A Common Stock	7,400	7,400

Additional holdings last reported Apr 19, 2021, not confirmed since: 202 shares. Not included in any total or percentage on this page.

Unresolved (see footnote), Class A Common Stock: 202 shares, last reported Apr 19, 2021

Stock options (not counted as shares):

Options held	Strike price	Expires	Intrinsic value (estimate)
4,187	$25.55	Jul 6, 2033	$2.1M

Estimate: options held × ($524.12 − strike price), using the most recent insider trade price on Form 4 (Jul 6, 2026), not a market close.

Barbara Messing

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Director

9.6K

10K

no sales

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Barbara Messing

0shares vested or exercised

0gifted (net of own trusts)

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	9,559	10,190

Corina Cacovean

Started reporting during the period; starting holdings are from the Form 3.

Chief Legal Officer

6.3K

4.8K

no sales

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Corina Cacovean

0shares vested or exercised

0gifted (net of own trusts)

−1.5Kwithheld by the company for taxes

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Started reporting during the period; starting holdings are from the Form 3.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct	Class A Common Stock	6,327	4,787

Dawson Harvey

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Director

3.1K

−350

2.8K

88%

Vesting, gifts, unvested awards and holding lines for Dawson Harvey

0shares vested or exercised

−50gifted (net of own trusts)

none reportedunvested awards, start → end

Includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed.

Held through	Share class	Oct 8, 2025	Oct 8, 2026
Direct includes unvested RSUs, amount not disclosed	Class A Common Stock	3,150	2,779

13 of 15 insiders fully reconciled: starting holdings plus reported transactions match ending holdings (10 exactly, 3 with a minor or footnoted difference). For 2 we show sales but not holdings; the ! icon on their rows explains why. Percentages cover 13 of 15 officers and directors. Left out: Arash Foroughi and Vasily Shikin (holdings couldn't be fully reconciled). "Still held" compares ending with starting vested shares; a plus sign means the holding grew.

What explains the selling$574M of sales by plan status, purpose, seller and month

Officer and director open-market sales: $574M across 1,113,842 shares. Plan status and stated purpose are separate questions, and a sale can have both.

By plan status

Disclosed plan · $301M · 52%

48%

The lighter segment is sales with no plan disclosed in the filing ($274M), including tax-related sales outside a plan.

No plan disclosed · $274M

Sales with no 10b5-1 plan and no tax reference in the filing. $147M of it is Arash Foroughi. No plan disclosed is a statement about the filing, not about why the sale happened. Largest such sale: Eduardo Vivas, Nov 10, 2025

Taxes

81,393 shares ($37.0M) were withheld by the company for taxes, which isn't a market sale.

Seller	Shares sold	Proceeds	Under a disclosed plan	Share of total	Sales dates
Eduardo Vivas Director	499K	$264M	59%	46%	Nov 10, 2025 to Jun 16, 2026
Arash Foroughi CEO, Director	300K	$147M	0%	26%	Nov 20, 2025 to Jun 12, 2026
Vasily Shikin Chief Technology Officer	262K	$132M	100%	23%	Nov 24, 2025 to May 22, 2026
Victoria Valenzuela Director	28K	$16.3M	0%	3%	Dec 18, 2025 to Jun 4, 2026
Matthew Stumpf Chief Financial Officer (CFO)	14K	$8.0M	100%	1%	Nov 21, 2025 to May 28, 2026
Maynard Webb Jr. Director	6.2K	$3.4M	100%	0.6%	Jun 5, 2026 to Jul 6, 2026
Dmitriy Dorosh Principal Accounting Officer	3.1K	$1.4M	0%	0.2%	Mar 13, 2026 to Mar 13, 2026
Craig Billings Director	2.4K	$1.4M	0%	0.2%	Nov 7, 2025 to Nov 7, 2025
Dawson Harvey Director	350	$222K	0%	0.0%	Nov 12, 2025 to Dec 8, 2025

Sales by month

Month	Sale proceeds	Disclosed plan	To cover taxes	No plan disclosed
Oct 2025	$0	$0	$0	$0
Nov 2025	$197M	$47.6M	$0	$149M
Dec 2025	$5.1M	$0	$0	$5.1M
Jan 2026	$0	$0	$0	$0
Feb 2026	$0	$0	$0	$0
Mar 2026	$175M	$118M	$0	$57.2M
Apr 2026	$0	$0	$0	$0
May 2026	$48.9M	$48.9M	$0	$0
Jun 2026	$147M	$84.4M	$0	$62.4M
Jul 2026	$1.6M	$1.6M	$0	$0
Aug 2026	$0	$0	$0	$0
Sep 2026	$0	$0	$0	$0
Oct 2026	$0	$0	$0	$0

Is this normal? Selling year by year4 earlier years to compare with

Less than usual: about a quarter of the 4-year average. 9 insiders sold; the average is 8 a year.

12 months ending	Shares sold	Insiders who sold	Proceeds
Oct 8, 2026 Latest 12 months	1.11M	9	$574M
Oct 8, 2025 1 year earlier	4.73M	11	$1.74B
Oct 8, 2024 2 years earlier	4.41M	10	$290M
Oct 9, 2023 3 years earlier	6.05M	7	$106M
Oct 9, 2022 4 years earlier	808K	5	$52.7M
Oct 9, 2021 5 years earlier · filings don't cover the whole year	291K	2	$21.6M

Open-market sales (Form 4 code S) by people who were officers or directors, in split-adjusted shares. Earlier years include people who have since left. A sale that an outside holder also reports (a family trust, a fund) is counted with outside holders in every year. Shares, not dollars, are compared, so a change in the stock price doesn't look like a change in selling. Years the filings don't fully cover are shown but left out of the average.

Known gaps and uncertainty2 insiders whose holdings couldn't be fully reconciled

Arash Foroughi: holdings couldn't be fully reconciled (difference of 3,030,517 shares). Balance changed without a matching transaction, and the footnote does not state the amount: +3,030,517 shares on Oct 30, 2025 (Child). Filing, Oct 30, 2025

Footnote: "Shares are held by The JAF Children's Trust for the benefit of the Reporting Person's children. The Reporting Person disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares, and the filing of this report is not an admission that the Reporting Person is the beneficial owner of these shares for purposes of Section 16 or for any other purpose."

Vasily Shikin: holdings couldn't be fully reconciled (difference of -61,028 shares). Balance changed without a matching transaction, and the footnote does not state the amount: -61,472 shares on May 20, 2026 (IS37 Holdings Trust). Filing, May 20, 2026

Footnote: "Shares are held by IS37 Holdings Trust, for which the Reporting Person's spouse serves as trustee."

Victoria Valenzuela: minor difference of 72 shares. Difference is stated in footnotes (unreported vesting, exempt acquisition or transfer).

Matthew Stumpf: minor difference of 70 shares. Difference is stated in footnotes (unreported vesting, exempt acquisition or transfer).

Dmitriy Dorosh: minor difference of 58 shares. Difference is stated in footnotes (unreported vesting, exempt acquisition or transfer).

Inferred rename: "Spouse" is treated as the same holder as "a grantor retained annuity trust", because the old name was never reported again and the new one opened with the same balance (100,000 shares). Old name, new name

Inferred rename: "a grantor retained annuity trust" is treated as the same holder as "a GRAT", because the old name was never reported again and the new one opened with the same balance (100,000 shares). Old name, new name

External context: we only cite outside events when a documented connection exists. None is shown for this period.

Sources and methodology428 filings from SEC EDGAR, and how we read them

All 428 Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed for AppLovin (SEC CIK 1751008) from Apr 14, 2021 to Aug 21, 2026, retrieved from SEC EDGAR on Oct 8, 2026. Prices are the ones reported in each filing, often weighted averages.

Holdings. Each holding line (a share class plus an owner, such as a trust or LLC) carries its last reported balance forward. Entities first reported during the period start at zero, so transfers between an insider's own trusts don't count as selling. Lines not reported for three years or more are listed separately and left out of totals.

Sales. A sale counts as under a 10b5-1 plan if its footnote cites one or the filing's Rule 10b5-1 box is checked, and as tax-related if its footnote cites tax obligations or sell-to-cover. Shares withheld by the company for taxes are listed separately. Sales with neither attribute are labeled "no plan disclosed".

Full methodology

Former or inactive filers (11)No filing in 18 months; last reported balances, not in any total

Name	Last filed	Last reported balance
KKR Denali Holdings L.P.	Nov 25, 2024	No balance on record
KKR Group Partnership L.P.	Nov 25, 2024	No balance on record
Katie Jansen	Nov 14, 2024	963,598 shares, last reported balance as of Nov 13, 2024
Hontai App Fund Limited Partnership	Sep 28, 2023	No balance on record
Asha Sharma	Jul 10, 2023	22,469 shares, last reported balance as of Jul 6, 2023
Andrew Karam	Apr 14, 2022	21,862,553 shares, last reported balance as of Nov 11, 2021
Elena Arutunian	Dec 9, 2021	462,500 shares, last reported balance as of Dec 7, 2021
Angel Pride Holdings Ltd	Nov 23, 2021	25,362,775 shares, last reported balance as of Nov 22, 2021
John Krystynak	Nov 12, 2021	24,946,392 shares, last reported balance as of Nov 11, 2021
Cathy Sun	Sep 24, 2021	375,000 shares, last reported balance as of Aug 10, 2021
Edward Oberwager		No balance on record

AppLovin insiders sold $574M in the past 12 months. How much of their stake is that?

What stands out

Who sold, and how much of their stake

Selling by month

Common questions

Is the AppLovin CEO selling stock?

Why are AppLovin insiders selling?

Are any AppLovin insiders buying?

How much of their stake did AppLovin insiders sell?

The evidence

No plan disclosed · $274M

Taxes

Sales by month